:root {
  --blog-paper: #e4e2dc;
  --blog-paper-soft: #efede9;
  --blog-paper-bright: #f7f6f3;
  --blog-ink: #14171a;
  --blog-ink-soft: #474e53;
  --blog-muted: #7b8388;
  --blog-rule: #cac6bd;
  --blog-blue: #0b5ea8;
  --blog-orange: #d66f00;
  --blog-display: "Bricolage Grotesque", system-ui, sans-serif;
  --blog-body: "Newsreader", Georgia, serif;
  --blog-mono: "IBM Plex Mono", ui-monospace, monospace;
}

html.dark-mode {
  --blog-paper: #071a2c;
  --blog-paper-soft: #0a1f33;
  --blog-paper-bright: #0c2135;
  --blog-ink: #dbe7f3;
  --blog-ink-soft: #aec5dc;
  --blog-muted: #82a4c2;
  --blog-rule: #173b5c;
  --blog-blue: #6fb7ff;
  --blog-orange: #ffb45c;
}

html.dark-mode body.normalization-article {
  --paper: #071a2c;
  --paper2: #0a1f33;
  --paper3: #0c2135;
  --ink: #dbe7f3;
  --ink2: #aec5dc;
  --ink3: #82a4c2;
  --rule: #173b5c;
  --rule2: #1d4669;
}

html.dark-mode body.blog-article {
  --paper: #071a2c;
  --paper2: #0a1f33;
  --paper3: #0c2135;
  --paper-bright: #0c2135;
  --page-ink: #dbe7f3;
  --ink: #dbe7f3;
  --ink2: #aec5dc;
  --ink3: #82a4c2;
  --ink-soft: #aec5dc;
  --muted: #82a4c2;
  --rule: #173b5c;
  --rule2: #1d4669;
  --bg: #071a2c;
  --bg2: #0a1f33;
  --panel: #0c2135;
  --panel2: #102b43;
}

.blog-article section[id],
.blog-article h2[id] {
  scroll-margin-top: 78px;
}

/* Distill-inspired contents rail. JavaScript measures the actual article
   gutter before revealing it, so the rail never sits over prose or figures. */
.distill-side-toc {
  --side-toc-accent: var(--blog-orange);
  position: fixed;
  top: 88px;
  z-index: 38;
  display: none;
  max-height: calc(100vh - 116px);
  overflow: hidden auto;
  padding: 2px 14px 12px 0;
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  scrollbar-width: thin;
  scrollbar-color: var(--blog-rule) transparent;
}

.distill-side-toc.is-visible {
  display: block;
}

.distill-side-toc h2 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  font: 700 15px/1.2 var(--blog-display);
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.distill-side-toc ol {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.distill-side-toc li {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.distill-side-toc a {
  position: relative;
  display: block;
  padding: 4px 0 4px 13px;
  overflow: hidden;
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  border-left: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  font: 500 11px/1.35 var(--blog-mono);
  text-decoration: none;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.distill-side-toc a:hover,
.distill-side-toc a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--blog-ink);
}

.distill-side-toc a:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--blog-blue);
  outline-offset: -2px;
}

.distill-side-toc a[aria-current="location"] {
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  border-left: 2px solid var(--side-toc-accent);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.distill-side-toc a[aria-current="location"]::before {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 4px;
  width: 3px;
  height: 3px;
  background: var(--side-toc-accent);
  border-radius: 50%;
  content: "";
  transform: translateY(-50%);
}

/* On large desktop canvases the TOC owns a fixed left lane. Wide article
   blocks are detected by the shared shell and nudged into the content lane. */
@media (min-width: 1440px) {
  .blog-article .blog-gutter-contained {
    max-width: calc(100vw - 290px) !important;
    translate: var(--blog-gutter-nudge, 0px) 0;
  }
}

html.distill-side-toc-active .blog-article .tocbar {
  display: none !important;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .distill-side-toc {
    scroll-behavior: auto;
  }
}

.blog-article .toc-label {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font: 600 11.5px/1 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* Shared survey matrix: use the same compact, scannable comparison treatment
   instead of repeating one paper at a time in long prose. */
.blog-article .comparison-table-wrap {
  max-width: 100%;
  margin: 24px 0 28px;
  overflow-x: auto;
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  background: var(--blog-paper-bright);
}

.blog-article .comparison-table {
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 680px;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  font: 500 12px/1.45 var(--blog-mono);
}

.blog-article .comparison-table caption {
  padding: 13px 15px;
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-align: left;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.blog-article .comparison-table th,
.blog-article .comparison-table td {
  padding: 10px 12px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  border-right: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  text-align: left;
  vertical-align: top;
}

.blog-article .comparison-table th:last-child,
.blog-article .comparison-table td:last-child {
  border-right: 0;
}

.blog-article .comparison-table thead th {
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.blog-article .comparison-table .matrix-mark {
  color: var(--blog-orange);
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-align: center;
}

.blog-article .field-direction {
  padding: 15px 17px;
  margin: 22px 0 30px;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--blog-orange);
  background: var(--blog-paper-soft);
}

.blog-article .field-direction strong:first-child {
  color: var(--blog-orange);
  font-family: var(--blog-display);
}

.blog-article .compact-deep-dive {
  margin: 1.4rem 0;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--blog-orange) 28%, transparent);
  border-radius: 12px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--blog-orange) 5%, transparent);
  padding: 0.85rem 1rem;
}

.blog-article .compact-deep-dive > summary {
  cursor: pointer;
  font-weight: 750;
  color: var(--blog-ink);
}

.blog-article .compact-deep-dive[open] > summary {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.blog-article .concept-figure {
  margin: 1.6rem 0 2rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  border-radius: 14px;
  background: var(--blog-paper-soft);
  box-shadow: 0 14px 32px rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.06);
}

.blog-article .concept-figure__header,
.blog-article .concept-figure figcaption {
  padding: 12px 16px;
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font-family: var(--blog-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  line-height: 1.55;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}

.blog-article .concept-figure__header {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  color: var(--blog-orange);
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.blog-article .concept-figure figcaption {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
}

.blog-article .concept-chart {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  min-height: 300px;
}

.blog-article .concept-chart .axis,
.blog-article .concept-chart .guide {
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--blog-rule);
  stroke-width: 2;
}

.blog-article .concept-chart .guide { stroke-dasharray: 7 7; }
.blog-article .concept-chart .curve {
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--blog-orange);
  stroke-width: 6;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
}
.blog-article .concept-chart .point { fill: var(--blog-orange); }
.blog-article .concept-chart text {
  fill: var(--blog-ink);
  font-family: var(--blog-mono);
  font-size: 16px;
}
.blog-article .concept-chart .muted { fill: var(--blog-muted); font-size: 13px; }
.blog-article .concept-chart .zone { fill: var(--blog-orange); opacity: 0.055; }

.blog-article .concept-flow {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 30px;
  padding: 22px;
}

.blog-article .concept-flow--five { grid-template-columns: repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
.blog-article .concept-flow__node {
  position: relative;
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 17px 14px;
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  border-radius: 10px;
  background: var(--blog-paper);
}
.blog-article .concept-flow__node:not(:last-child)::after {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: calc(100% + 8px);
  color: var(--blog-orange);
  content: "\2192";
  font-size: 20px;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
}
.blog-article .concept-flow__node strong,
.blog-article .concept-flow__node span { display: block; }
.blog-article .concept-flow__node strong { color: var(--blog-ink); }
.blog-article .concept-flow__node span {
  margin-top: 6px;
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font-size: 0.82em;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.blog-article .mode-compare {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
  padding: 20px;
}
.blog-article .mode-card {
  padding: 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  border-radius: 12px;
  background: var(--blog-paper);
}
.blog-article .mode-card h4 { margin: 0 0 14px; color: var(--blog-ink); }
.blog-article .token-line { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px; margin: 8px 0; }
.blog-article .token-chip {
  padding: 4px 7px;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--blog-orange) 11%, transparent);
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  font-family: var(--blog-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
}
.blog-article .token-chip--thinking { border: 1px solid var(--blog-orange); }
.blog-article .token-chip--empty { border: 1px dashed var(--blog-muted); color: var(--blog-muted); }

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .blog-article .concept-flow,
  .blog-article .concept-flow--five,
  .blog-article .mode-compare { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .blog-article .concept-flow__node:not(:last-child)::after {
    top: calc(100% + 4px);
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(90deg);
  }
  .blog-article .concept-chart { min-height: 230px; }
  .blog-article .concept-chart text { font-size: 13px; }
}

.ml-series-nav {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 10px 24px;
  width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 52px));
  padding: 15px 0;
  margin: 0 auto 28px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  font-family: var(--blog-mono);
}

.ml-series-nav__identity {
  color: var(--blog-orange);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.11em;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.ml-series-nav__position {
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-align: right;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.ml-series-nav__links {
  display: grid;
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 12px;
}

.ml-series-nav__link,
.ml-series-nav__empty {
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 10px 12px;
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
}

.ml-series-nav__link {
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.ml-series-nav__link:last-child {
  text-align: right;
}

.ml-series-nav__link span {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 3px;
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.ml-series-nav__link strong {
  display: block;
  overflow: hidden;
  font-size: 12px;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.ml-series-nav__link:hover,
.ml-series-nav__link:focus-visible {
  border-color: var(--blog-blue);
  outline: none;
}

.ml-series-nav__empty {
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font-size: 11px;
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .ml-series-nav {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    width: calc(100% - 32px);
  }

  .ml-series-nav__position {
    text-align: left;
  }

  .ml-series-nav__links {
    grid-column: 1;
  }
}

.article-taxonomy {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 7px;
  margin: 24px 0 16px;
}

.article-taxonomy span {
  padding: 5px 9px;
  color: var(--blog-blue);
  background: rgba(11, 94, 168, 0.06);
  border: 1px solid rgba(11, 94, 168, 0.22);
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-family: var(--blog-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  line-height: 1.3;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.article-meta-bar {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px 18px;
  padding: 15px 0;
  margin: 0 0 28px;
  color: var(--blog-ink-soft);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  font-family: var(--blog-mono);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

.article-meta-bar span + span::before {
  content: "·";
  margin-right: 18px;
  color: var(--blog-muted);
}

.article-share {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
  margin-left: auto;
  padding: 6px 10px;
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  border-radius: 2px;
  cursor: pointer;
  font: 600 11px/1 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.article-share:hover {
  color: var(--blog-blue);
  border-color: var(--blog-blue);
}

.article-share svg {
  width: 14px;
  height: 14px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  stroke-width: 1.7;
}

.share-status {
  min-width: 0;
  color: var(--blog-blue);
  font-size: 10.5px;
}

body.blog-index {
  padding-top: 60px;
  background-color: var(--blog-paper);
  background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(20, 23, 26, 0.028) 1px, transparent 1px), linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(20, 23, 26, 0.028) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 44px 44px;
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  font-family: var(--blog-body);
}

.blog-index .page-shell {
  max-width: 1040px;
}

.blog-magazine-mast {
  max-width: none;
  margin: 22px auto 54px;
  text-align: center;
}

.blog-magazine-kicker {
  margin: 0 0 20px;
  color: var(--blog-orange);
  font: 600 11px/1.4 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.blog-magazine-mast h1 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  font: 800 clamp(58px, 8.8vw, 104px)/0.9 var(--blog-display);
  letter-spacing: -0.055em;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.blog-magazine-dek {
  max-width: none;
  margin: 26px auto 20px;
  color: var(--blog-ink-soft);
  font-size: clamp(17px, 1.8vw, 20px);
  font-style: italic;
  line-height: 1.45;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.blog-magazine-byline {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 8px 24px;
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font: 600 11px/1.5 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.blog-filter-bar {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  column-gap: 8px;
  row-gap: 10px;
  padding: 14px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
}

/* Article / flashcard reading modes. The deck is injected by blogs.js so the
   interaction, accessibility, and visual language stay identical everywhere. */
.article-view-switcher {
  width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px));
  margin: 26px auto 18px;
  color: var(--blog-ink);
}

.article-view-switcher__inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
  padding: 8px 9px 8px 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--blog-paper-bright) 88%, transparent);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px color-mix(in srgb, var(--blog-ink) 6%, transparent);
}

.article-view-switcher__label {
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font: 600 12px/1 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.article-view-switcher__controls {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 4px;
  padding: 3px;
  background: var(--blog-paper-soft);
}

.article-view-switcher__button,
.flashcard-deck__expand,
.flashcard-deck__read-full {
  appearance: none;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-family: var(--blog-display);
}

.article-view-switcher__button {
  min-width: 154px;
  padding: 11px 18px;
  color: var(--blog-ink-soft);
  background: transparent;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.article-view-switcher__button:hover,
.article-view-switcher__button:focus-visible {
  color: var(--blog-blue);
}

.article-view-switcher__button.is-active {
  color: var(--blog-paper-bright);
  background: var(--blog-ink);
}

.blog-article main[hidden] {
  display: none !important;
}

html[data-reading-mode="flashcards"] .article-citation,
html[data-reading-mode="flashcards"] .distill-side-toc {
  display: none !important;
}

.flashcard-deck {
  width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px));
  margin: 0 auto 72px;
  color: var(--blog-ink);
}

.flashcard-deck[hidden] {
  display: none !important;
}

.flashcard-deck__hero {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.28fr) minmax(280px, 0.72fr);
  min-height: 330px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  background: var(--blog-ink);
}

.flashcard-deck__hero-copy {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: clamp(30px, 5vw, 68px);
  color: var(--blog-paper-bright);
}

.flashcard-deck__eyebrow,
.flashcard-framework__eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 20px;
  color: var(--blog-orange);
  font: 700 12px/1.25 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.flashcard-deck__title {
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 760px;
  color: inherit;
  font: 750 clamp(32px, 5vw, 68px)/0.98 var(--blog-display);
  letter-spacing: -0.045em;
}

.flashcard-deck__summary {
  max-width: 690px;
  margin: 24px 0 0;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--blog-paper-bright) 78%, transparent);
  font: 400 clamp(17px, 2vw, 21px)/1.48 var(--blog-body);
}

.flashcard-deck__visual {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 300px;
  background: var(--blog-paper-soft);
}

.flashcard-deck__visual::after {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  content: "";
  pointer-events: none;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--blog-ink) 46%, transparent), transparent 35%);
}

.flashcard-deck__visual img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  min-height: 330px;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.flashcard-framework {
  margin: 24px 0 42px;
  padding: clamp(24px, 4vw, 42px);
  border-top: 4px solid var(--blog-orange);
  background: var(--blog-paper-bright);
  box-shadow: 0 12px 32px color-mix(in srgb, var(--blog-ink) 7%, transparent);
}

.flashcard-framework__map {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(190px, 0.7fr) minmax(0, 1.3fr);
  gap: clamp(52px, 8vw, 100px);
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 250px;
  padding: 12px 0;
}

.flashcard-framework__center {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  min-height: 150px;
  padding: 26px;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-ink);
  color: var(--blog-paper-bright);
  background: var(--blog-ink);
  box-shadow: 10px 10px 0 color-mix(in srgb, var(--blog-orange) 75%, transparent);
  min-width: 0;
}

.flashcard-framework__center::after {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 100%;
  width: clamp(52px, 8vw, 100px);
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--blog-orange);
  content: "";
}

.flashcard-framework__center-label,
.flashcard-framework__step-label {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  color: var(--blog-orange);
  font: 700 10px/1 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.flashcard-framework__center strong {
  min-width: 0;
  color: var(--blog-paper-bright) !important;
  font: 750 clamp(21px, 2.4vw, 31px)/1.08 var(--blog-display);
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.flashcard-framework__flow {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 16px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.flashcard-framework__flow::before {
  position: absolute;
  top: 16.66%;
  bottom: 16.66%;
  left: -24px;
  width: 1px;
  background: var(--blog-orange);
  content: "";
}

.flashcard-framework__step {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 38px 1fr;
  gap: 2px 12px;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 66px;
  padding: 14px 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  background: var(--blog-paper-soft);
}

.flashcard-framework__step::before {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  right: 100%;
  width: 24px;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--blog-orange);
  content: "";
}

.flashcard-framework__number,
.flashcard__number {
  color: var(--blog-orange);
  font: 700 12px/1.5 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

.flashcard-framework__text {
  grid-column: 2;
  min-width: 0;
  font: 700 16px/1.35 var(--blog-display);
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.flashcard-framework__step-label {
  grid-column: 2;
  margin: 0;
}

.flashcard-framework__takeaway {
  margin: 30px 0 0;
  padding-top: 24px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  color: var(--blog-ink-soft);
  font: 500 clamp(17px, 2vw, 21px)/1.45 var(--blog-body);
}

.flashcard-framework__takeaway::before {
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  content: "First-principles takeaway: ";
  font-family: var(--blog-display);
  font-weight: 750;
}

.flashcard-concept-map {
  margin: 0 0 46px;
  padding: clamp(25px, 4vw, 42px);
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  background: var(--blog-paper-bright);
}

.flashcard-concept-map__header {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(210px, 0.48fr) minmax(280px, 1fr);
  column-gap: clamp(28px, 5vw, 64px);
  align-items: end;
  margin-bottom: 34px;
}

.flashcard-concept-map__eyebrow,
.flashcard-formula-guide__eyebrow {
  grid-column: 1;
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  color: var(--blog-orange);
  font: 700 11px/1 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.flashcard-concept-map__title,
.flashcard-formula-guide__title {
  grid-column: 1;
  margin: 0;
  font: 750 clamp(25px, 3vw, 38px)/1 var(--blog-display);
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
}

.flashcard-concept-map__intro {
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 1 / span 2;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--blog-ink-soft);
  font: 400 17px/1.45 var(--blog-body);
}

.flashcard-concept-map__body {
  display: grid;
  justify-items: center;
}

.flashcard-concept-map__root {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  display: flex;
  width: min(440px, 86%);
  min-height: 110px;
  padding: 22px 28px;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  color: var(--blog-paper-bright);
  background: var(--blog-ink);
  box-shadow: 8px 8px 0 color-mix(in srgb, var(--blog-orange) 72%, transparent);
  text-align: center;
}

.flashcard-concept-map__root::after {
  position: absolute;
  top: 100%;
  left: 50%;
  width: 1px;
  height: 32px;
  background: var(--blog-orange);
  content: "";
}

.flashcard-concept-map__root-label {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  color: var(--blog-orange);
  font: 700 10px/1 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.flashcard-concept-map__root strong {
  color: inherit !important;
  font: 750 clamp(20px, 2.2vw, 28px)/1.12 var(--blog-display);
}

.flashcard-concept-map__branches {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(min(260px, 100%), 1fr));
  gap: 18px;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 32px 0 0;
  padding: 28px 0 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-orange);
  list-style: none;
}

.flashcard-concept-map__branch {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
}

.flashcard-concept-map__branch::before {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 100%;
  left: 50%;
  width: 1px;
  height: 28px;
  background: var(--blog-orange);
  content: "";
}

.flashcard-concept-map__node {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 30px 1fr;
  gap: 6px 10px;
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 112px;
  padding: 17px 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  background: var(--blog-paper-soft);
  text-align: left;
  transition: border-color 160ms ease, transform 160ms ease, box-shadow 160ms ease;
}

.flashcard-concept-map__node:hover,
.flashcard-concept-map__node:focus-visible {
  border-color: var(--blog-blue);
  box-shadow: 4px 4px 0 color-mix(in srgb, var(--blog-blue) 20%, transparent);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.flashcard-concept-map__number {
  grid-row: 1 / span 2;
  color: var(--blog-orange);
  font: 700 11px/1.4 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

.flashcard-concept-map__node strong {
  font: 750 16px/1.25 var(--blog-display);
}

.flashcard-concept-map__summary {
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font: 400 13px/1.4 var(--blog-body);
}

.flashcard-concept-map.is-collapsed:not(.is-expanded) .flashcard-concept-map__branch:nth-child(n + 9) {
  display: none;
}

.flashcard-concept-map__toggle,
.flashcard-retention-table__toggle {
  display: block;
  margin: 22px auto 0;
  padding: 10px 0 8px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--blog-blue);
  color: var(--blog-blue);
  background: transparent;
  font: 700 12px/1.2 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

.flashcard-results {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(210px, 0.36fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(28px, 5vw, 64px);
  margin: 0 0 46px;
  padding: clamp(25px, 4vw, 42px);
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--blog-paper-soft) 82%, transparent);
}

.flashcard-results__eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--blog-orange);
  font: 700 11px/1 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.flashcard-results__title {
  margin: 0;
  font: 750 clamp(25px, 3vw, 38px)/1 var(--blog-display);
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
}

.flashcard-results__intro {
  margin: 16px 0 0;
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font: 400 16px/1.45 var(--blog-body);
}

.flashcard-results__grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
}

.flashcard-result {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(120px, 0.36fr) minmax(150px, 0.55fr) minmax(190px, 1fr);
  gap: 16px;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 18px 20px;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--blog-blue);
  background: var(--blog-paper-bright);
}

.flashcard-result p {
  margin: 0;
}

.flashcard-result__label {
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font: 700 10px/1.35 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.flashcard-result__value {
  overflow-x: auto;
  overflow-y: hidden;
  padding: 3px 0;
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  font: 750 clamp(17px, 2vw, 23px)/1.2 var(--blog-display);
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
}

.flashcard-result__value .katex {
  font-size: 1em;
}

.flashcard-result__note {
  color: var(--blog-ink-soft);
  font: 400 15px/1.42 var(--blog-body);
}

.flashcard-summary-table {
  margin: 0 0 46px;
  padding: clamp(25px, 4vw, 42px);
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  background: var(--blog-paper-bright);
}

.flashcard-summary-table__header {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(180px, 0.45fr) minmax(250px, 1fr);
  column-gap: clamp(28px, 5vw, 64px);
  align-items: end;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}

.flashcard-summary-table__eyebrow {
  grid-column: 1;
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  color: var(--blog-orange);
  font: 700 11px/1 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.flashcard-summary-table__title {
  grid-column: 1;
  margin: 0;
  font: 750 clamp(25px, 3vw, 38px)/1 var(--blog-display);
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
}

.flashcard-summary-table__intro {
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 1 / span 2;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--blog-ink-soft);
  font: 400 17px/1.45 var(--blog-body);
}

.flashcard-summary-table__scroll {
  width: 100%;
  overflow-x: auto;
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
}

.flashcard-summary-table table {
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 720px;
  border-spacing: 0;
  border-collapse: separate;
  color: var(--blog-ink);
}

.flashcard-summary-table th,
.flashcard-summary-table td {
  padding: 15px 17px;
  text-align: left;
  vertical-align: top;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
}

.flashcard-summary-table tr > :last-child {
  border-right: 0;
}

.flashcard-summary-table tbody tr:last-child > * {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.flashcard-summary-table thead th {
  color: var(--blog-paper-bright);
  background: var(--blog-ink);
  font: 700 10px/1.3 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.flashcard-summary-table tbody th {
  color: var(--blog-blue);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--blog-blue) 7%, var(--blog-paper-bright));
  font: 750 14px/1.35 var(--blog-display);
}

.flashcard-summary-table tbody td {
  color: var(--blog-ink-soft);
  background: var(--blog-paper-bright);
  font: 400 15px/1.42 var(--blog-body);
}

.flashcard-summary-table tbody tr:hover td,
.flashcard-summary-table tbody tr:hover th {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--blog-orange) 8%, var(--blog-paper-bright));
}

.flashcard-retention-table tbody th {
  width: 38%;
}

.flashcard-retention-table.is-collapsed:not(.is-expanded) tbody tr:nth-child(n + 9) {
  display: none;
}

.flashcard-formula-guide {
  --flashcard-formula-bg: #14171a;
  --flashcard-formula-panel: #202428;
  --flashcard-formula-fg: #f7f6f3;
  --flashcard-formula-muted: #c5cbd0;
  --flashcard-formula-rule: #495158;
  --flashcard-formula-accent: #ff9a2f;
  margin: 0 0 46px;
  padding: clamp(25px, 4vw, 42px);
  border: 1px solid var(--flashcard-formula-rule);
  color: var(--flashcard-formula-fg);
  background: var(--flashcard-formula-bg);
}

html.dark-mode .flashcard-formula-guide {
  --flashcard-formula-bg: #061522;
  --flashcard-formula-panel: #0c2135;
  --flashcard-formula-fg: #edf5fc;
  --flashcard-formula-muted: #b7ccdf;
  --flashcard-formula-rule: #315675;
  --flashcard-formula-accent: #ffb45c;
}

.flashcard-formula-guide__header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: end;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 30px;
  margin-bottom: 26px;
}

.flashcard-formula-guide__header-copy {
  max-width: 780px;
}

.flashcard-formula-guide__title {
  color: var(--flashcard-formula-fg);
}

.flashcard-formula-guide__eyebrow {
  color: var(--flashcard-formula-accent);
}

.flashcard-formula-guide__intro {
  margin: 14px 0 0;
  color: var(--flashcard-formula-muted);
  font: 400 16px/1.45 var(--blog-body);
}

.flashcard-formula-guide__expand {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  padding: 10px 0 8px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--flashcard-formula-accent);
  color: var(--flashcard-formula-fg);
  background: transparent;
  font: 700 12px/1.2 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

.flashcard-formula-guide__groups {
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
}

.flashcard-formula-group {
  border: 1px solid var(--flashcard-formula-rule);
  background: var(--flashcard-formula-panel);
}

.flashcard-formula-group__summary {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
  padding: 16px 19px;
  color: var(--flashcard-formula-fg);
  cursor: pointer;
  list-style: none;
}

.flashcard-formula-group__summary::-webkit-details-marker {
  display: none;
}

.flashcard-formula-group__summary:hover {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--flashcard-formula-fg) 5%, var(--flashcard-formula-panel));
}

.flashcard-formula-group__summary:focus-visible,
.flashcard-formula-guide__expand:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--flashcard-formula-accent);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}

.flashcard-formula-group__summary::after {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  color: var(--flashcard-formula-accent);
  content: "+";
  font: 700 20px/1 var(--blog-mono);
}

.flashcard-formula-group[open] > .flashcard-formula-group__summary::after {
  content: "−";
}

.flashcard-formula-group__summary strong {
  color: var(--flashcard-formula-fg) !important;
  font: 750 17px/1.25 var(--blog-display);
}

.flashcard-formula-group__summary span {
  margin-left: auto;
  color: var(--flashcard-formula-muted);
  font: 700 10px/1.2 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.flashcard-formula-group__list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--flashcard-formula-rule);
  background: var(--flashcard-formula-rule);
}

.flashcard-formula {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 34px minmax(200px, 0.78fr) minmax(240px, 1fr);
  gap: 18px;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 19px;
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  background: var(--blog-paper-bright);
}

.flashcard-formula__number {
  color: var(--blog-orange);
  font: 700 11px/1 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

.flashcard-formula__cell {
  min-width: 0;
}

.flashcard-formula__cell-label {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 7px;
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font: 700 9px/1.2 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.flashcard-formula__value,
.flashcard-answer-formulae__value {
  min-width: 0;
  overflow-x: auto;
  padding: 3px 0;
  font: 700 16px/1.55 var(--blog-mono);
}

.flashcard-formula__value .katex,
.flashcard-answer-formulae__value .katex {
  font-size: 1em;
}

.flashcard-formula__context {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--blog-ink-soft);
  font: 400 14px/1.44 var(--blog-body);
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
  .flashcard-framework__step {
    animation: flashcard-map-arrive 420ms both;
  }

  .flashcard-framework__step:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: 90ms; }
  .flashcard-framework__step:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: 180ms; }
}

@keyframes flashcard-map-arrive {
  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateX(-10px); }
  to { opacity: 1; transform: translateX(0); }
}

.flashcard-deck__tools {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}

.flashcard-deck__hint {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font: 600 13px/1.4 var(--blog-mono);
}

.flashcard-deck__expand {
  padding: 10px 0 8px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--blog-blue);
  color: var(--blog-blue);
  background: transparent;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 750;
}

.flashcard-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 12px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.flashcard-list__divider {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
  margin: 18px 0 2px;
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font: 700 11px/1 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.flashcard-list__divider:first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.flashcard-list__divider::after {
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--blog-rule);
  content: "";
}

.flashcard {
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  background: var(--blog-paper-bright);
  transition: border-color 160ms ease, box-shadow 160ms ease, transform 160ms ease;
}

.flashcard:hover {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--blog-blue) 54%, var(--blog-rule));
  box-shadow: 0 10px 28px color-mix(in srgb, var(--blog-ink) 7%, transparent);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.flashcard[open] {
  border-left: 4px solid var(--blog-blue);
}

.flashcard__question {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 44px minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 18px;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 88px;
  padding: 18px 24px;
  cursor: pointer;
  list-style: none;
}

.flashcard__question::-webkit-details-marker {
  display: none;
}

.flashcard__prompt {
  font: 750 clamp(18px, 2.2vw, 25px)/1.25 var(--blog-display);
  letter-spacing: -0.018em;
}

.flashcard__reveal {
  color: var(--blog-blue);
  font: 700 11px/1 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.flashcard__reveal--visual::before {
  content: "Visual · ";
}

.flashcard[open] .flashcard__reveal::after {
  content: "ed";
}

.flashcard__answer {
  padding: 0 72px 28px 86px;
}

.flashcard__answer p {
  max-width: 850px;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--blog-ink-soft);
  font: 400 clamp(17px, 1.8vw, 20px)/1.55 var(--blog-body);
}

.flashcard__answer .flashcard__lens {
  margin-top: 14px;
  padding: 12px 16px;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--blog-orange);
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  background: var(--blog-paper-soft);
  font-family: var(--blog-display);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 650;
}

.flashcard-answer-diagram {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 22px 0 0;
  padding: 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  background: var(--blog-paper-soft);
}

.flashcard-answer-diagram__title {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  color: var(--blog-orange);
  font: 700 10px/1 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.flashcard-answer-diagram__flow {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(120px, 0.7fr) minmax(160px, 0.8fr) minmax(220px, 1.3fr);
  gap: 30px;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.flashcard-answer-diagram__node {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  min-width: 0;
  min-height: 92px;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  background: var(--blog-paper-bright);
}

.flashcard-answer-diagram__node + .flashcard-answer-diagram__node::before {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  right: calc(100% + 7px);
  width: 16px;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--blog-orange);
  content: "";
}

.flashcard-answer-diagram__node + .flashcard-answer-diagram__node::after {
  position: absolute;
  top: calc(50% - 3px);
  right: calc(100% + 5px);
  width: 6px;
  height: 6px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-orange);
  border-right: 1px solid var(--blog-orange);
  content: "";
  transform: rotate(45deg);
}

.flashcard-answer-diagram__node--result {
  border-color: var(--blog-blue);
  box-shadow: inset 0 -3px 0 var(--blog-blue);
}

.flashcard-answer-diagram__label {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 7px;
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font: 700 9px/1 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.flashcard-answer-diagram__node strong {
  min-width: 0;
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  font: 700 14px/1.32 var(--blog-display);
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.flashcard-answer-diagram__node .flashcard-answer-diagram__math {
  color: var(--blog-blue);
  font-size: clamp(16px, 1.8vw, 21px);
}

.flashcard-answer-diagram__math .katex {
  font-size: 1em;
}

.flashcard-answer-formulae {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 22px 0 0;
  padding: 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-blue);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--blog-blue) 5%, var(--blog-paper-bright));
}

.flashcard-answer-formulae__title {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--blog-blue);
  font: 700 10px/1 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.flashcard-answer-formulae__item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(180px, 0.8fr) minmax(240px, 1fr);
  gap: 20px;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 14px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
}

.flashcard-answer-formulae__item:first-of-type {
  padding-top: 0;
  border-top: 0;
}

.flashcard-answer-formulae__item:last-child {
  padding-bottom: 0;
}

.flashcard-answer-formulae__item p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--blog-ink-soft);
  font-size: 14px;
}

.flashcard-deck__finish {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
  margin-top: 28px;
  padding: 24px 28px;
  color: var(--blog-paper-bright);
  background: var(--blog-blue);
}

.flashcard-deck__finish p {
  margin: 0;
  font: 600 16px/1.4 var(--blog-display);
}

.flashcard-deck__read-full {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  padding: 12px 18px;
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  background: var(--blog-paper-bright);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 750;
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .article-view-switcher,
  .flashcard-deck {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    width: calc(100% - 24px);
    max-width: calc(100vw - 24px);
    overflow: hidden;
  }

  .article-view-switcher__inner,
  .flashcard-deck__tools,
  .flashcard-deck__finish {
    align-items: stretch;
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .article-view-switcher__controls {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    min-width: 0;
  }

  .article-view-switcher__button {
    min-width: 0;
    padding-inline: 10px;
  }

  .flashcard-deck__hero {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .flashcard-deck__hero-copy {
    padding: 34px 24px;
  }

  .flashcard-deck__visual,
  .flashcard-deck__visual img {
    min-height: 210px;
    max-height: 260px;
  }

  .flashcard-framework__flow {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .flashcard-framework__map,
  .flashcard-results,
  .flashcard-summary-table__header,
  .flashcard-concept-map__header {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    min-width: 0;
  }

  .flashcard-framework,
  .flashcard-results,
  .flashcard-framework__center,
  .flashcard-framework__flow,
  .flashcard-framework__step,
  .flashcard-results__grid,
  .flashcard-result {
    max-width: 100%;
    min-width: 0;
  }

  .flashcard-deck__hero-copy,
  .flashcard-deck__title,
  .flashcard-deck__summary,
  .flashcard-framework__center strong,
  .flashcard-framework__text {
    max-width: 100%;
    min-width: 0;
    white-space: normal;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
    word-break: break-word;
  }

  .flashcard-framework__map {
    gap: 46px;
  }

  .flashcard-framework__center::after {
    top: 100%;
    left: 50%;
    width: 1px;
    height: 46px;
  }

  .flashcard-framework__flow::before {
    display: none;
  }

  .flashcard-framework__step::before {
    top: -17px;
    right: auto;
    left: 18px;
    width: 1px;
    height: 17px;
  }

  .flashcard-result {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 7px;
  }

  .flashcard-summary-table__eyebrow,
  .flashcard-summary-table__title,
  .flashcard-summary-table__intro,
  .flashcard-concept-map__eyebrow,
  .flashcard-concept-map__title,
  .flashcard-concept-map__intro {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: auto;
  }

  .flashcard-summary-table__intro,
  .flashcard-concept-map__intro {
    margin-top: 14px;
  }

  .flashcard-concept-map__branches {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .flashcard-concept-map__branch::before {
    left: 24px;
  }

  .flashcard-formula-guide__header {
    align-items: stretch;
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .flashcard-formula-guide__expand {
    align-self: flex-start;
  }

  .flashcard-formula-group__summary {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  .flashcard-formula {
    grid-template-columns: 28px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 10px;
  }

  .flashcard-formula__consequence {
    grid-column: 2;
  }

  .flashcard-summary-table__scroll {
    overflow: visible;
    border: 0;
    scrollbar-color: var(--blog-blue) var(--blog-paper-soft);
    scrollbar-width: thin;
  }

  .flashcard-summary-table table,
  .flashcard-summary-table tbody,
  .flashcard-summary-table tr,
  .flashcard-summary-table th,
  .flashcard-summary-table td {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    min-width: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
  }

  .flashcard-summary-table thead {
    display: none;
  }

  .flashcard-summary-table tbody {
    display: grid;
    gap: 14px;
  }

  .flashcard-summary-table tbody tr {
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  }

  .flashcard-summary-table tbody th,
  .flashcard-summary-table tbody td {
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  }

  .flashcard-summary-table tbody th {
    padding: 16px;
    font-size: 17px;
  }

  .flashcard-summary-table tbody td {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(92px, 0.38fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 12px;
    padding: 12px 16px;
  }

  .flashcard-summary-table tbody td::before {
    color: var(--blog-muted);
    content: attr(data-label);
    font: 700 9px/1.35 var(--blog-mono);
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }

  .flashcard-summary-table tbody tr > :last-child {
    border-bottom: 0;
  }

  .flashcard-retention-table tbody th {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .flashcard__question {
    grid-template-columns: 30px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 18px;
  }

  .flashcard__reveal {
    grid-column: 2;
  }

  .flashcard__answer {
    padding: 0 18px 24px 58px;
  }

  .flashcard-answer-diagram {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    max-width: 100%;
    padding: 14px;
  }

  .flashcard-answer-diagram__flow {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 26px;
  }

  .flashcard-answer-diagram__node + .flashcard-answer-diagram__node::before {
    top: auto;
    right: auto;
    bottom: calc(100% + 5px);
    left: 18px;
    width: 1px;
    height: 16px;
  }

  .flashcard-answer-diagram__node + .flashcard-answer-diagram__node::after {
    top: auto;
    right: auto;
    bottom: calc(100% + 3px);
    left: 15px;
    transform: rotate(135deg);
  }

  .flashcard-answer-formulae {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    max-width: 100%;
    padding: 14px;
  }

  .flashcard-answer-formulae__item {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 8px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .article-view-switcher__controls {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

.blog-filter-label {
  flex: 1 0 auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font: 600 11px/1 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.blog-filter {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  min-height: 36px;
  padding: 7px 12px;
  color: var(--blog-ink-soft);
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  border-radius: 2px;
  cursor: pointer;
  font: 600 11px/1 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.blog-filter:hover,
.blog-filter:focus-visible {
  color: var(--blog-blue);
  border-color: var(--blog-blue);
}

.blog-filter.is-active,
.blog-filter[aria-pressed="true"] {
  color: var(--blog-paper-bright);
  background: var(--blog-blue);
  border-color: var(--blog-blue);
}

.blog-discovery-tools {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(190px, 260px);
  gap: 12px;
  padding: 14px 0 2px;
}

.blog-search-field,
.blog-tag-field {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto minmax(0, 1fr);
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 0 12px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--blog-paper-bright) 76%, transparent);
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
}

.blog-search-field > span,
.blog-tag-field > span {
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font: 600 9.5px/1 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.blog-search-field input,
.blog-tag-field select {
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 0;
  min-height: 42px;
  padding: 9px 0;
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  background: transparent;
  border: 0;
  outline: 0;
  font: 500 12px/1.3 var(--blog-mono);
}

.blog-search-field:focus-within,
.blog-tag-field:focus-within {
  border-color: var(--blog-blue);
  box-shadow: inset 0 -2px 0 var(--blog-blue);
}

.blog-search-field input::placeholder {
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  opacity: 0.85;
}

.blog-tag-field select {
  cursor: pointer;
}

.blog-filter-status-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
  min-height: 30px;
  margin-top: 8px;
}

.blog-index .blog-filter-status {
  margin: 0;
  max-width: none;
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font: 500 11px/1.5 var(--blog-mono);
}

.blog-filter-reset {
  padding: 5px 0;
  color: var(--blog-blue);
  background: transparent;
  border: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid currentColor;
  cursor: pointer;
  font: 600 11px/1.2 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.blog-index .page-section > h1 {
  font-family: var(--blog-display);
  font-size: clamp(46px, 8vw, 84px);
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: -0.045em;
  line-height: 0.95;
}

.blog-index .page-section > p {
  max-width: 60ch;
  color: var(--blog-ink-soft);
  font-size: 20px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.blog-index .blog-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-areas: "body media";
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(240px, 340px);
  gap: 32px;
  align-items: center;
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 30px 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: transparent;
  border: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  border-radius: 0;
  transition: border-color 180ms ease, color 180ms ease;
}

.blog-index .blog-card[hidden] { display: none; }

.blog-index .blog-card-featured {
  grid-template-areas: "media body";
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.25fr) minmax(280px, 0.75fr);
  gap: 42px;
  padding: 34px 0 42px;
}

.blog-index .blog-card-media {
  grid-area: media;
  display: block;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #0f1317;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  position: relative;
}

.blog-index .blog-card-media img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.animated-preview-title {
  display: none;
}

.blog-card.is-animating-preview .animated-preview-title {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  min-height: 31%;
  padding: 5.5% 4.4% 2.5%;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  color: #e4eaee;
  background: #0f1317;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.animated-preview-title strong {
  font: 700 clamp(18px, 3vw, 34px)/1.05 var(--blog-display);
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
}

.animated-preview-title em {
  margin-top: 6px;
  color: #93a0a8;
  font: 500 clamp(9px, 1.2vw, 14px)/1.35 var(--blog-mono);
  font-style: normal;
}

.blog-index .blog-card-body {
  grid-area: body;
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

@media (min-width: 760px) {
  .blog-index .blog-list {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }
}

.blog-index .blog-card:hover {
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  background: transparent;
  border-color: var(--blog-orange);
  transform: none;
}

html.dark-mode .blog-index .blog-card {
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  background: transparent;
  border-color: var(--blog-rule);
}

html.dark-mode .blog-index .blog-card:hover {
  background: transparent;
  border-color: var(--blog-orange);
}

html.dark-mode .blog-index .blog-card h3 { color: var(--blog-ink); }
html.dark-mode .blog-index .blog-card p,
html.dark-mode .blog-index .blog-meta { color: var(--blog-ink-soft); }

.blog-index .blog-card h3 {
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  font-family: var(--blog-display);
}

.blog-index .blog-card p,
.blog-index .blog-meta {
  color: var(--blog-ink-soft);
}

.blog-index .blog-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 6px 16px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.blog-index .blog-card-featured h3 {
  font-size: clamp(32px, 4.4vw, 48px);
}

body.vision-article {
  background-color: var(--blog-paper);
  background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(20, 23, 26, 0.028) 1px, transparent 1px), linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(20, 23, 26, 0.028) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 44px 44px;
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  font-family: var(--blog-body);
}

.vision-article .topbar {
  top: 58px;
  background: rgba(20, 23, 26, 0.94);
}

.vision-article .hero {
  padding-top: 64px;
}

.vision-article .hero::before {
  opacity: 0.28;
}

.vision-article .hero .kicker,
.vision-article .hero h1,
.vision-article .hero .lede,
.vision-article .hero .bench {
  opacity: 1 !important;
  filter: none !important;
  transform: none !important;
  animation: none !important;
}

.vision-article .hero h1,
.vision-article .sec h2,
.vision-article .sec h3,
.vision-article .sec h4 {
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  font-family: var(--blog-display);
}

.vision-article .hero h1 span {
  color: var(--blog-muted);
}

.vision-article .kicker,
.vision-article .hero .lede,
.vision-article .eyebrow,
.vision-article .caption {
  color: var(--blog-ink-soft);
}

.vision-article main strong { color: var(--blog-ink); }
.vision-article main em { color: var(--blog-ink-soft); }
.vision-article main code {
  color: #07457d;
  background: rgba(11, 94, 168, 0.07);
  border-color: rgba(11, 94, 168, 0.16);
}

.vision-article .note {
  color: var(--blog-ink-soft);
  background: var(--blog-paper-bright);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  border-right: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
}

.vision-article table.data,
.vision-article .tscroll,
.vision-article .panel,
.vision-article .card,
.vision-article .figbox,
.vision-article .bench,
.vision-article .treebox,
.vision-article .calc,
.vision-article .trace {
  color: #e4eaee;
}

.vision-article .panel strong,
.vision-article .card strong,
.vision-article .figbox strong,
.vision-article .bench strong,
.vision-article .treebox strong,
.vision-article .calc strong,
.vision-article .trace strong { color: #fff; }

.vision-article .panel em,
.vision-article .card em,
.vision-article .figbox em,
.vision-article .bench em,
.vision-article .treebox em,
.vision-article .calc em,
.vision-article .trace em { color: #d8deea; }

.vision-article table.data {
  background: #0f1317;
}

.normalization-article .mast {
  padding-top: 42px;
}

.article-citation {
  width: min(800px, calc(100% - 40px));
  margin: 72px auto 0;
  padding: 28px;
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  background: var(--blog-paper-bright);
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.article-citation-kicker {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  color: var(--blog-orange);
  font: 600 10.5px/1.4 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.article-citation h2 {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  font: 750 clamp(28px, 4vw, 42px)/1.05 var(--blog-display);
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
}

.article-citation-reference {
  max-width: 68ch;
  margin: 0 0 20px;
  color: var(--blog-ink-soft);
  font: 17px/1.55 var(--blog-body);
}

.article-citation-reference a {
  color: var(--blog-blue);
  font-weight: 600;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

.article-citation-reference a:hover {
  color: var(--blog-orange);
}

.article-citation-reference a:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--blog-blue);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}

.article-citation-code {
  position: relative;
}

.article-citation pre {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 18px;
  overflow-x: auto;
  color: #dce4e9;
  background: #0f1317;
  border: 1px solid #242c34;
  font: 12px/1.65 var(--blog-mono);
  white-space: pre;
}

.article-citation code {
  padding: 0;
  color: inherit;
  background: transparent;
  border: 0;
  font: inherit;
}

.citation-copy {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
  margin-top: 12px;
  padding: 7px 11px;
  color: var(--blog-blue);
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-blue);
  border-radius: 2px;
  cursor: pointer;
  font: 600 11px/1 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.citation-copy:hover {
  color: #fff;
  background: var(--blog-blue);
}

.citation-copy:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--blog-orange);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}

.citation-status {
  margin-left: 10px;
  color: var(--blog-blue);
  font: 11px/1.4 var(--blog-mono);
}

.blog-index .site-footer,
.blog-article .site-footer {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
  width: calc(100% - 40px);
  max-width: 1100px;
  margin: 36px auto;
  padding: 24px 20px 0;
  overflow-x: auto;
  white-space: nowrap;
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  box-sizing: border-box;
  font-family: var(--blog-display);
}

.blog-index .site-footer span,
.blog-index .site-footer a,
.blog-article .site-footer span,
.blog-article .site-footer a {
  color: var(--blog-ink-soft);
  border: 0;
  font-size: 14px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.blog-index .site-footer span,
.blog-article .site-footer span {
  color: var(--blog-blue);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.blog-index .site-footer a,
.blog-article .site-footer a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
}

.blog-index .site-footer a:hover,
.blog-article .site-footer a:hover,
.blog-index .site-footer i,
.blog-article .site-footer i {
  color: var(--blog-orange);
}

.article-sources-footer {
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 70px auto 0;
  padding: 32px 20px 0;
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  box-sizing: border-box;
  font: 12px/1.9 var(--blog-mono);
}

.related-articles {
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 64px auto 42px;
  padding: 24px;
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--blog-paper-bright) 76%, transparent);
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.related-articles h2 {
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font: 600 11px/1.2 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.related-articles ul {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 10px 22px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.related-articles a {
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  font: 600 15px/1.35 var(--blog-display);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.related-articles a:hover,
.related-articles a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--blog-orange);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

.article-series {
  margin-top: 24px;
  padding: 16px 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--blog-paper-bright) 76%, transparent);
}

.article-series > p {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font: 600 10.5px/1.4 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.article-series ol {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 8px 20px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.article-series a {
  color: var(--blog-ink-soft);
  font: 600 13px/1.4 var(--blog-display);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.article-series a:hover,
.article-series a:focus-visible,
.article-series a[aria-current="page"] {
  color: var(--blog-orange);
}

.article-series a[aria-current="page"]::after {
  content: " · this article";
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font: 500 10px/1 var(--blog-mono);
}

.blog-series-heading {
  margin: 8px 0 0;
  padding: 26px 0 12px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
}

.blog-series-heading[hidden] { display: none; }

.blog-series-heading p {
  margin: 0 0 5px;
  color: var(--blog-orange);
  font: 600 10.5px/1.4 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.blog-series-heading h2 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  font: 700 clamp(24px, 3vw, 34px)/1.05 var(--blog-display);
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
}

.learning-path-panel {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(190px, 0.7fr) minmax(0, 2.3fr);
  gap: 28px;
  margin: 12px 0 34px;
  padding: 24px;
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--blog-paper-bright) 80%, transparent);
}

.learning-path-panel[hidden] {
  display: none;
}

.learning-path-kicker {
  margin: 0 0 7px;
  color: var(--blog-orange);
  font: 600 10px/1.4 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.learning-path-title {
  margin: 0 0 9px;
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  font: 750 clamp(23px, 3vw, 34px)/1.05 var(--blog-display);
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
}

.learning-path-description {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--blog-ink-soft);
  font: 16px/1.45 var(--blog-serif);
}

.learning-path-groups {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(160px, 1fr));
  gap: 22px;
}

.learning-path-groups section {
  min-width: 0;
  padding-top: 10px;
  border-top: 2px solid var(--blog-orange);
}

.learning-path-groups h3 {
  margin: 0 0 9px;
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  font: 700 13px/1.3 var(--blog-mono);
}

.learning-path-groups ol {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.learning-path-groups a {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 28px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 8px;
  align-items: baseline;
  padding: 6px 0;
  color: var(--blog-ink-soft);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.learning-path-groups a:hover strong,
.learning-path-groups a:focus-visible strong {
  color: var(--blog-blue);
}

.learning-path-groups a span {
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font: 10px/1.3 var(--blog-mono);
}

.learning-path-groups a strong {
  font: 650 13px/1.3 var(--blog-display);
}

.article-sources-footer .wrap {
  width: auto;
  max-width: none;
}

.concept-flow,
.concept-branches {
  display: grid;
  gap: 12px;
  margin: 26px 0;
  padding: 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--blog-paper-bright) 84%, transparent);
}

.concept-flow {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(var(--concept-columns, 4), minmax(0, 1fr));
  align-items: stretch;
}

.concept-step {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  align-content: center;
  min-height: 74px;
  padding: 13px 14px;
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  background: var(--blog-paper);
}

.concept-step + .concept-step::before {
  content: "→";
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: -18px;
  z-index: 1;
  width: 24px;
  color: var(--blog-orange);
  background: var(--blog-paper-bright);
  font: 700 18px/1 var(--blog-mono);
  text-align: center;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
}

.concept-step b,
.concept-branch b {
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  font: 700 14px/1.25 var(--blog-display);
}

.concept-step span,
.concept-branch span {
  margin-top: 5px;
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font: 11.5px/1.45 var(--blog-mono);
}

.concept-branches {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.concept-branch {
  display: grid;
  padding: 14px;
  border-top: 3px solid var(--blog-orange);
  background: var(--blog-paper);
}

.concept-merge {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  color: var(--blog-ink-soft);
  font: 600 12px/1.5 var(--blog-mono);
  text-align: center;
}

.concept-table {
  width: 100%;
  margin: 26px 0;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--blog-paper-bright) 84%, transparent);
  font: 12.5px/1.5 var(--blog-mono);
}

.concept-table caption {
  margin-bottom: 9px;
  color: var(--blog-muted);
  font: 600 11px/1.4 var(--blog-mono);
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-align: left;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.concept-table th,
.concept-table td {
  padding: 10px 12px;
  border: 1px solid var(--blog-rule);
  text-align: left;
  vertical-align: top;
}

.concept-table th {
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--blog-rule) 34%, transparent);
}

.concept-table td:first-child {
  color: var(--blog-ink);
  font-weight: 600;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .blog-index .site-footer,
  .blog-article .site-footer {
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }

  .blog-filter-label {
    flex-basis: 100%;
    margin-bottom: 2px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .blog-discovery-tools {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }

  .blog-filter-status-row {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px 16px;
  }

  .blog-filter-reset {
    margin-left: 0;
  }

  .blog-filter-label {
    flex-basis: 100%;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
  }

  .learning-path-panel {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    min-width: 0;
    padding: 18px;
  }

  .learning-path-groups {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }

  .learning-path-groups a strong {
    min-width: 0;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
  }

  .concept-flow,
  .concept-branches {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .concept-step + .concept-step::before {
    content: "↓";
    top: -17px;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
  }

  .concept-merge {
    grid-column: auto;
  }

  .concept-table {
    display: block;
    overflow-x: auto;
  }

  .article-series ol {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .related-articles {
    width: calc(100% - 32px);
    margin-top: 48px;
    padding: 20px;
  }

  .related-articles ul {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .article-citation {
    width: calc(100% - 32px);
    margin-top: 54px;
    padding: 20px;
  }

  .article-meta-bar {
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  .article-share {
    margin-left: 0;
  }

  .vision-article .topbar {
    top: 48px;
  }

  .blog-index .site-footer,
  .blog-article .site-footer {
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }

  .blog-index .blog-card-body {
    padding: 0;
  }

  .blog-magazine-mast {
    margin: 18px auto 36px;
    text-align: left;
  }

  .blog-magazine-mast h1 {
    font-size: clamp(28px, 9.5vw, 58px);
  }

  .blog-magazine-dek {
    white-space: normal;
  }

  .blog-magazine-byline {
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }

  .blog-index .blog-card,
  .blog-index .blog-card-featured {
    grid-template-areas: "media" "body";
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 20px;
    padding: 26px 0 30px;
  }
}